☆ ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠴᠢ᠂ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ
《ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ》
ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠌ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨᠢᠮᠠ ᠂ᠵᠠᠩ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡ
ᠪᠤᠷᠵᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨᠢᠮᠠ᠂ᠪᠢᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠢᠴᠢᠨᠳᠠᠯᠠ᠃1938 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠦ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃1963 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ᠂《ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠨ》 ᠦ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠂《ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠨ》 ᠦ ᠤᠨᠴᠠ ᠤᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠ᠃ᠤᠳᠤ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠪ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠡᠢᠬᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ᠂ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠫᠷᠤᠹᠧᠰᠰᠤᠷ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ 30 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠸᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠦ᠂《ᠡᠬᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠯᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ》《ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠢᠭ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠨ》ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠢᠰ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠪᠢᠵᠦ᠂ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃
1998 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦ᠂ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠦ《ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠬᠦ》ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ 40 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠦ᠂ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠌ ᠤᠳ 10000 ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ (5000 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ)᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ 1500 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ 《ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ》ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠮᠸᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠺᠷᠡᠸᠢᠽ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠌ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠦᠽᠧᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠮᠦᠽᠧᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠴᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠌ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠦᠽᠧᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ《ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠤᠨᠵᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ》《ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ》《ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠨᠵᠢ》《ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ》《ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠳ᠌》《ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨᠳᠦ》《ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ》ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠪᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ 《ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠤᠨᠵᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ》ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ 2003 ᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠺ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭᠳᠤᠷᠵᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠄ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍᠊᠊ᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠡᠯᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠠ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠦᠽᠧᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ᠨᠤᠮ ᠲᠡᠯᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠯᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ᠂ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠦ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ᠂ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠂ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠌ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠨᠠᠨᠳᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ᠮᠦᠽᠧᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠄
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠨᠠᠨᠳᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ᠃ (ᠨᠢᠬᠡ) ᠨᠤᠮ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠌ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠨᠠᠨᠳᠢᠨ᠄ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ᠂ᠦᠳᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 200 ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠭᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠨ《ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ》᠂《ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷ (ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ) ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠴᠤᠬᠠᠭ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠳ᠂ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ 1834 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ《ᠳ᠋ᠤᠰᠰᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡ》(ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ);19 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ《ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ》(ᠫᠧᠷᠰ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ)᠂《ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ》(ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ) ᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ᠂ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ1896 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ; 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠤᠯᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ《ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠤᠭ》(ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ)᠂ 1907 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠺᠠ ᠮᠠᠴᠢᠶᠤ᠋ ᠵᠢᠨ《ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ》(ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ) ᠪᠤᠢ᠃(ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ) ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠌ ᠦᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠷᠦ ᠯᠢᠨ᠂ᠢᠥᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠠᠨ᠂ᠼᠠᠢ ᠮᠸᠢ ᠪᠢᠶᠤᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ(ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ)᠂ ᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ《ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠ》᠂ᠠᠥᠰᠲ᠋᠋ᠷᠯᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠯᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠴ᠋·ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠢᠨᠰᠦᠷᠦᠩ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠤᠺᠠᠳᠠ ᠾᠢᠳ᠋ᠸᠾᠢᠷᠤ᠋᠂ᠠᠩᠬ᠍᠊ᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠶᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠲᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ᠃56 ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ᠠᠩᠬ᠍᠊ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠤᠮ1000 ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ᠂ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠤᠮ 800 ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ᠂ ᠺᠢᠷᠢᠯ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠌ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ 800 ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ᠂ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ 100 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ᠂ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠫᠠᠺᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠷᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠤᠮ 100 ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠸᠢᠶᠸᠲ᠋ᠨᠠᠮ᠂ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋᠂ᠪᠧᠩᠭᠠᠯ᠂ᠰᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨᠺᠠ᠂ᠢᠷᠰᠧᠯ᠂ᠶᠤᠷᠳᠠᠨ᠂ᠯᠧᠪᠠᠨᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠳ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ᠲᠡᠯᠬᠡᠷᠡᠩᠬᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠠᠰᠪᠤᠤ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠂ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠳᠦ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠱᠠᠩᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠰᠭᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ《ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ》ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃
ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ᠂ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠳ᠋ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠯ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠳᠳᠤᠷᠵᠢ ᠫᠷᠤᠹᠧᠰᠰᠤᠷ᠄ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠰ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ᠬᠠᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨᠢᠮᠠ ᠬᠠᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠦ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠯ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠬᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ᠂ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠴᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠷᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠬᠡᠪᠡ᠃
2013 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦ《ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠤᠨᠵᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ-ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠮᠤᠷᠢ》ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ (ᠨᠤᠮ) ᠦᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ᠨᠡᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠴᠦ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠬᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
《ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ᠂ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ》ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨᠢᠮᠠ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠ᠃![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803165828_1676.jpg)
ᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨᠢᠮᠠ᠂ᠵᠠᠩ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠳᠦ
![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803170748_0556.jpg)
ᠮᠤᠩᠭ᠋ᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭᠳᠤᠷᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨᠢᠮᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠪᠠ
![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803170821_0028.jpg)
ᠠᠩᠬ᠍᠊ᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨᠢᠮᠠ ᠳᠦ《ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷ》 ᠨᠤᠮ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡ
![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803170904_5268.jpg)
ᠵᠠᠩ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ《ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ》ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ
![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803170938_3008.jpg)
ᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠠ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠᠳᠠᠵᠦ 1000 ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ ᠴᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠶᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠵᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ
![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803171037_7368.jpg)
ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ
![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803171106_6124.jpg)
ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠬᠡᠬᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ
![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803171128_9360.jpg)
ᠬᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠬᠡᠬᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ
![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803171155_7680.jpg)
ᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠬᠠᠢᠵᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠨᠠ
![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803171220_5720.jpg)
ᠪᠧᠩᠭᠠᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠬᠡᠬᠦᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ
![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803171258_5424.jpg)
《ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷ》᠂ᠹᠧᠩ ᠴᠧᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠪᠠ᠂ ᠱᠠᠩ ᠡᠥ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ᠂1934 ᠤᠨ
![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803171403_5350.jpg)
ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ 《ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷ》᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯᠳ᠋ ᠯᠠᠮᠪ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠪᠠ᠂ 1928 ᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠯᠸᠢᠢᠫᠽᠢᠭ᠌ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ
![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803171511_1786.jpg)
ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠃ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠬᠡᠯ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠸᠾᠷᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃
![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803171615_1542.jpg)
ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ《ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠦᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ》
![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803172309_9758.jpg)
ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠳ
![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803172505_3564.jpg)
ᠢᠷᠰᠸᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ《ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ》
![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803172554_5608.jpg)
ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ 《ᠳ᠋ᠤᠰᠰᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡ》᠂1834 ᠤᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ
![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803172708_2864.jpg)
ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ《ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ》
![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803172748_8776.jpg)
ᠸᠢᠶᠸᠲ᠋ᠨᠠᠮ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ《 ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ》
![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803172837_1752.jpg)
ᠠᠷᠠᠪ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ《ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ》
![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803172857_2056.jpg)
ᠰᠸᠸᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ《ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ》
![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803172926_9704.jpg)
ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ᠌
![](http://gt1.burgud.com/image/20150803/20150803172951_2908.jpg)
ᠬᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠ
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